Comparison of Adolescent Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome with Childhood Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome

Choi, Chung-Yun; Kim, Ji-Hong; Kim, Pyung-Kil

J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol > Volume 3(1); 1999 > Article

J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 1999;3(1): 11-19.

청소년기와 소아기 미세변화형 신증후군의 임상양상에 대한 비교연구

최정윤, 김지홍, 김병길

¹연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실 및 신장질환연구소
²연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실 및 신장질환연구소
³연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실 및 신장질환연구소

Comparison of Adolescent Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome with Childhood Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome

Chung-Yun Choi, Ji-Hong Kim, Pyung-Kil Kim

¹Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, The Institute of Kidney Disease
²Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, The Institute of Kidney Disease
³Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, The Institute of Kidney Disease

ABSTRACT

Purpose: MCNS is found in approximately $85%$ of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children and shows good prognosis with initial steroid therapy. MCNS most commonly appears between the ages of 2 and 10 yr. But the incidence and prognosis in adolescent MCNS are different from those found in young children; the prognosis and the response to therapy is unfavorable with increasing ages. So we compared the prevalence and the clinical manifestations of adolescent MCNS with that of childhood MCNS for management of adolescent MCNS.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study with a review of histopathologic findings and clinical manifestations of the 216 cases with MCNS which were divided into children group and adolescent group by their age of onset; under 12 years(childhood) and between 12-18 years(adolescent).
Results : 1) The number of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome was 245 cases, and that of adolescent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome was 55 cases. 188 cases($77%$) showed MCNS, 30 cases($12%$) FSGS, 4 cases($1.6%$) MSPCN in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome; 28 cases($51%$) showed MCNS, 12 cases($22%$) FSGS in adolescent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. 2) The mean onset age was $7.53{pm}5.5$ years, and the male to female ratio was 3.8:1 in childhood onset and 2.5:1 in adolescent onset with male predominance. 3) Hematuria was associated with $17%$ of childhood onset and $39.3%$ of adolescent onset disease(P=0.005). Hypertension appeared in $0.5%;and;7%$ in each group without significant difference between the groups. 4) 24 hour urine protein, SPI, albumin, BUN, cholesterol level showed no significant difference. 5) The response of childhood onset and adolescent onset MCNS to steroid therapy showed complete remission in $11.7%;&;14.7%$, infrequent relapsing in $29.2%;&;28.5%$, frequent relapsing in $23.9%;&;14.7%$, steroid dependent in $21.8%;&;28.6%$ each. Steroid resistant showed $13.3%;&;14.7%$ with no significance. 6) Immunosuppresant therapy was performed $57%$ in childhood onset and $65%$ in adolescent onset. 7) Mean number of relapse and duration from onset to first relapse showed no significance between two groups.
Conclusion : Our results indicate that the incidence of hematuria, the rate of steroid dependent and frequent relapsing, and the recurrence rate were higher in adolescent MCNS; showed poorer steroid responsiveness and prognosis. Our data also point to the need for a more aggressive therapy to treat and make recommendations for the adolescent population as a whole.

Key words: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome | Adolescent